پژوهش‌های تغییرات آب و هوایی

پژوهش‌های تغییرات آب و هوایی

فعالیت هسته‌زایی یخ توسط گرد و غبار حاصل از پهنه‌های ماسه‌ای در غرب دریاچه ارومیه و تعیین عوامل خاکی موثر بر آن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده
نیکو حمزه پور
دانشیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران
10.30488/ccr.2024.450797.1205
چکیده
گرد و غبار حاصل از رسوبات برجای مانده از پسروی دریاچه ارومیه، می­تواند منجر به هسته­زایی یخ شده و به این طریق خصوصیات ابرهای شکل گرفته را تحت تاثیر قرار دهد. با توجه به این که این جنبه از اثرات طولانی مدت گرد و غبار حاصل از بستر دریاچه ارومیه به ندرت مورد توجه قرار گرفته است، هدف از پژوهش حاضر، مطالعه نقش گرد و غبار حاصل از پهنه­های ماسه­ای واقع در غرب دریاچه در هسته­زایی یخ و تعیین خصوصیات خاکی اثرگذار بر آن می‌باشد. نمونه­های گرد و غبار در چهار ماه مختلف در طی فصل خشک و با تله­های رسوب­گیر جمع­آوری شدند. خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی نمونه­ها از جمله توزیع اندازه ذرات، ماده آلی، به همراه ترکیب شیمیایی و کانی­شناسی نمونه­ها با روش­های مرسوم، اندازه­گیری شدند. برای انجام مطالعات هسته­زایی یخ، از روش انجماد غوطه‌وری با استفاده از دستگاه کالری‌سنج اسکن تفاضلی استفاده شد. دمای یخ­زدگی ناهمگن بین 6/244 تا 8/247 درجه کلوین و درصد یخ‌زدگی ناهمگن بین 46 الی 73 درصد در نمونه­های گرد و غبار، حاکی از پتانسیل بالای گرد و غبار حاصل از پهنه­های ماسه­ای در هسته­زایی یخ است. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش­، تغییرات در میزان فعالیت هسته­زایی یخ در نمونه­ها تحت تاثیر خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی نمونه­ها می­باشد. مقدار فعالیت هسته­زایی، همبستگی منفی با هدایت الکتریکی، درصد شن متوسط، کانی­های آراگونیت و هالیت داشت. در مقابل، همبستگی مثبت با درصد رس، سیلت، شن ریز و کانی­هایی همچون کلسیت و کوارتز دیده شد. بنابراین، فعالیت هسته­زایی بالاتر در انتهای فصل خشک، می­تواند ناشی از مقدار شوری کمتر در این نمونه­ها باشد. افزایش تولید ریزگرد از سطوح با میزان بالای املاح، می­تواند به میزان چشم­گیری فعالیت هسته­زایی یخ را نسبت به گرد و غبارات غیرنمکی، کاهش دهد و از این طریق منجر به تغییر در خصوصیات ابرها و در نهایت تغییر در میزان بارندگی در منطقه شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
دمای یخ‌زدگی ناهمگن
درصد یخ‌زدگی ناهمگن
کوارتز
کلسیت
هدایت الکتریکی
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Ice nucleation activity of the dust blown form sand sheets of the western Lake Urmia and its determining soil factors

نویسنده English

Nikou Hamzehpour
Associated Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, University of Maragheh, Iran,
چکیده English

Dust blown from the exposed sediments after the catastrophic recession of the Lake Urmia (LU), can promote ice nucleation and thus affect cloud formation and its properties. Since desiccation of the LU, the role of the dust originated from its sediments and their role on ice nucleation have not got much of an attention. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of soil-dust on the ice nucleation activity (INA) and its controlling factors. Using high-volume dust samples, dust samples were collected during four time periods throughout the dry season. Soil and dust samples then subjected to the routine physicochemical analysis along with chemical compound (XRF) and mineralogical (XRD analysis. Later, particle physicochemical properties were compared with their INA activity determined by emulsion freezing experiments in a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). INA with onset temperatures ranging from 244.6 to 247.8 K and heterogeneous frozen fraction between 46 –73 % demonstrates the high potential of dust blown from Sa-sheets to affect cloud properties and precipitation. Freezing onset temperatures (Thet) and the fraction of heterogeneously frozen (Fhet) droplets in the emulsions revealed variations in INA depending on the physicochemical composition of the samples, negatively influenced by salinity, medium sand, Na2O, Cl, SO3, Aragonite and Halite. Specifically, IN activity correlated positively with clay, silt (fine, medium, coarse) and fine sand fractions and minerals of Calcite and Quartz. INA of the dust samples showed significant variation over time. Higher INA of dust samples at the end of the dry season (October and November) could be attributed to their lower salt content in comparison to dust July and August. The results from this study revealed that increase in aerosol release from highly saline sediments can significantly reduce INA in comparison to the non-saline aerosols, thus affecting cloud formation and ultimate rainfall in the region.  

کلیدواژه‌ها English

heterogeneous freezing temperature
fraction of heterogeneously frozen
quartz
Calcite
electrical conductivity
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پژوهش‌های تغییرات آب و هوایی
دوره 5، شماره 18 - شماره پیاپی 18
تابستان 1403
صفحه 113-128