The increasing global population and rising food demand have placed immense pressure on the environment, leading to increased exploitation of natural resources, pollution, and ultimately, climate change. This study aims to investigate the short-term and long-term impacts of climate change indicators on cereal production in Iran. To achieve this, an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was estimated using annual time series data from 2000 to 2023. The estimation results revealed that cultivated area, precipitation, and chemical fertilizer consumption had a positive and significant impact on cereal production in Iran, both in the short and long run. While technological improvement did not significantly affect cereal production in the short term, they had a positive and significant impact in the long run, indicating the beneficial influence of mechanization and modern production methods. In contrast to technological change, the positive impact of energy consumption was significant in the short term but insignificant in the long term. More importantly, the results showed that increasing temperature and CO2 emissions, as indicators of climate change, had a negative and significant impact on cereal production in Iran, both in the short and long run. These findings serve as a serious warning about the detrimental effects of climate change on the country's food security. Based on the results, it is recommended that efforts to manage climate change in Iran be strengthened, and that the country actively participate in international efforts and agreements in this regard. Based on the results, it is recommended that, given the importance of land in ensuring food security and the challenges associated with the productivity of fragmented lands, policymakers should develop a comprehensive plan for land consolidation in agriculture. Additionally, further fragmentation of agricultural lands should be prevented to enhance productivity and sustainability of production, ensuring long-term production capacity.