The dust phenomenon, as one of the most important environmental hazards in arid and semi-arid regions, affects human health, the economy, and the quality of life of communities. Due to its geographical location and proximity to critical hotspots, Qom Province is frequently exposed to dust storms. This study aims to assess dust concentration, analyze the environmental factors affecting it, and prioritize control strategies in Qom Province. For this purpose, MODIS images and the AOD index for the period 2020–2023, CHIRPS satellite images, the SRTM digital elevation model, and wind speed data from synoptic stations were used. Data processing was conducted in the Google Earth Engine platform and GIS software. Subsequently, pixel-based Pearson correlation between dust concentration and six parameters—vegetation cover, precipitation, temperature, wind, altitude, and slope—was calculated. The significance of the correlation coefficients was determined using the Student's t-test, with significance levels set at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01. Then, using the opinions of 20 experts and the AHP model in Expert Choice software, 20 strategies in four groups—hydrological, political, economic, and social—were prioritized. The results showed that dust concentration is higher in the eastern parts of the province than in the west. The correlations of vegetation cover (–0.43), precipitation (–0.47), altitude (–0.56), and slope (–0.51) with dust concentration are negative and significant (p < 0.01), while the correlation of temperature (0.63) is positive and strong (p < 0.01). Wind speed showed a weak negative correlation (–0.28, p < 0.05). According to the AHP model, strategies H2 (runoff management) and H5 (floodwater spreading) received the highest priority. The integrated approach presented in this study can serve as a model for dust management in other similar regions.