ارزیابی بارش و دما بر مبنای توسعه و تعمیم شاخص دریای شمال-خزر برای دوره آتی در سواحل جنوبی دریای خزر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد رشته آب و هواشناسی دانشگاه گلستان

2 دانشیار اقلیم شناسی، گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه گلستان، گرگان

چکیده

تغییرپذیری مولفه‌های دما و بارش و نقش تغییر اقلیم بر روی آنها و همچنین تأثیر شاخص‌های بزرگ‌مقیاس اقلیمی در سالهای اخیر توسط محققین در حوزه‌های مختلف علمی مورد توجه خاصی قرار گرفتند. یکی از مهم‌ترین شاخص‌ها با مقیاس منطقه‌ای که به‌نوعی در شرق اقیانوس اطلس با شاخص NAO در یک محدوده عمل می‌کند به شاخص دریای شمال- خزر (NCP) اشاره نمود. در این پژوهش، از سه دسته داده شامل مولفه‌های دما و بارش، داده‌های بازکاوی شده ارتفاع ژئوپتانسیل 500 هکتوپاسکال و داده‌های ارتفاع ژئوپتانسیل 500 هکتوپاسکال بر اساس 14 مدل‌ اقلیمی استفاده کردیم. در مرحله اول شاخص NCP برای دوره‌های آتی توسعه و تعمیم و سپس فازهای مثبت و منفی آن برای دو سناریوی RCP4.5 و RCP8.5 مشخص شد و همچنین مولفه‌های حداکثر دما، حداقل دما، نرخ بارش و تعداد روزهای بارشی نیز برای دوره‌های آتی ریزمقیاس نمایی گردیدند. با توجه به آینده‌نگری انجام‌شده برای فازهای مثبت و منفی این شاخص مشخص شد که برای دوره آتی 2060-2041 دمای حداکثر و حداقل در هر دو فاز بر مبنای دو سناریو افزایش خواهند یافت. آینده‌نگری نرخ و تعداد روزهای بارشی نیز نشان داد که رفتار تغییرات بارش در دوره‌ آتی نسبت به دوره پایه بی‌نظم‌تر از مولفه دما خواهد بود. بطوریکه مشخص گردید میانگین تعداد روزهای بارش در سناریوی RCP4.5 در هر دو فاز از روند کاهشی برخوردار خواهند بود و همچنین در هر دو فاز نرخ بارش در ایستگاههای که با بدنه آبی دریای خزر فاصله نزدیکی دارند افزایش قابل‌توجهی را خواهند داشت. همچنین بر مبنای سناریوی  RCP8.5 متوسط تعداد روزهای بارش منطقه مورد مطالعه در فاز مثبت نسبت به دوره پایه در حدود ۵ روز کاهش و در فاز منفی ۴ روز افزایش خواهد یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of precipitation and temperature for the future period on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea based on the development and generalization of the NCP index

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amin Gray 1
  • Abdolazim Ghanghermeh 2
1 Master student of Climatology, Golestan University
2 Associate Professor of Climatology, Department of Geography, Golestan University, Gorgan
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Researchers in various fields have given particular attention to the variability of temperature and precipitation components and the role of climate change as well as the effect of large-scale climate indicators in recent years. The North Caspian Sea (NCP) index is one of the most important regional-scale indicators that operates well in the East Atlantic with the NAO index. This study used three categories of data, including temperature and precipitation components, and reanalyzed geopotential altitude data of 500 hPa and geopotential altitude data of 500 hPa based on 14 climatic models. In the first stage, the NCP index was identified for future periods of development and generalization and then its positive and negative phases for the two scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. As well as maximum and minimum temperatures, precipitation rates, and number of precipitation days were displayed for future downscaling periods. Based on the forecasts for the positive and negative phases of this index, it was determined that for the next period 2060-2041, both the maximum and minimum temperatures will increase. Furthermore, the rate and number of rainy days in the future period will be more irregular than the temperature component compared to the base period. In the RCP4.5 scenario in both phases, it was found that the average number of rainy days will decline and, in both phases, rainfall rates will increase in stations that are near the Caspian Sea. In the RCP8.5 scenario, the average number of rainy days in the study area will decrease by about 5 days in the positive phase and increase by 4 days in the negative phase compared to the base period.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • : NCP index
  • climate change
  • climate scenarios
  • positive and negative phases
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